Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are typically transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. These infections can also be spread through sharing needles or coming into contact with bodily fluids or skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity.

STD Statistics in the United States

• According to the CDC, in 2019, there were over 2.5 million reported cases of chlamydia, over 600,000 cases of gonorrhea, and over 35,000 cases of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States.
• HPV is the most common STD in the United States, with around 79 million Americans currently infected and approximately 14 million new infections each year.

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Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that affects both men and women. It can often be asymptomatic, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. If left untreated, chlamydia can cause serious health complications, including infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. Learn more.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection that can affect the genital, rectal, and throat areas. It can cause painful urination, abnormal discharge, and, if left untreated, complications such as infertility and joint pain. Learn more.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is usually transmitted through contaminated food or water, but it can also be transmitted through oral-anal contact (rimming) or oral-genital contact with an infected person. Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Hepatitis A can typically be prevented with vaccination. Learn more.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis A is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is usually transmitted through contaminated food or water, but it can also be transmitted through oral-anal contact (rimming) or oral-genital contact with an infected person. Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Hepatitis A can typically be prevented with vaccination. Learn more.

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is most commonly transmitted through sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, but it can also be transmitted through other means such as blood transfusions (though this is rare in developed countries where blood is screened for hepatitis C) and less commonly through sexual contact. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to severe liver damage and other complications. Learn more.

Oral Herpes

Oral herpes, also known as cold sores, is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). It is usually transmitted through oral-to-oral contact, such as kissing or sharing utensils, and can also be transmitted through oral sex. Symptoms include painful blisters or sores on or around the mouth. Learn more.

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and is usually sexually transmitted. It can cause painful blisters or sores in the genital area. Although there is no cure for genital herpes, antiviral medications can help manage the symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks Learn more.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection that attacks the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases. HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. It's important to mention that HIV is not transmitted through casual contact like hugging, kissing, or sharing food or drinks. Early detection and treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) can help control HIV and prevent the progression to AIDS. Learn more.

Syphilis

Syphilis is a bacterial infection that progresses in stages if left untreated. It can cause sores, rashes, fever, and, in later stages, damage to organs and the nervous system. Syphilis can be effectively treated with antibiotics. Learn more.

Trichomoniasis (Trich)

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It can cause vaginal or penile discharge, itching, and discomfort during urination or sexual intercourse. Trichomoniasis symptoms in men are often less noticeable or absent compared to women. Men may experience symptoms like penile discharge or discomfort during urination, but they may not always be present. Trichomoniasis can be treated with antibiotics. Learn more.

The symptoms of STDs can vary greatly depending on the specific infection and the individual. However, some common symptoms to watch out for include:

• Pain or discomfort during sex or urination
• Unusual discharge from the penis, vagina, or anus
• Itching, rashes, or sores on or around the genitals or mouth
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and fatigue
• It's important to note that not all STDs display obvious symptoms, and some may even be asymptomatic. Regular testing and practicing safe sex are crucial for early detection and prevention.

Anyone who is sexually active is at risk of contracting an STD. However, certain factors can increase the risk, including:

• Engaging in unprotected sex or having multiple sexual partners
• Having sexual contact with someone who has an STD
• Using intravenous drugs and sharing needles
• Being sexually active at a young age
• Having a compromised immune system

The curability of STDs depends on the specific infection. Some STDs, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, can be cured with appropriate medical treatment, typically involving antibiotics. However, other infections, such as HIV and herpes, currently have no cure, but their symptoms can be managed with medication.

Prevention is crucial in preventing the spread of STDs. Here are some key preventive measures:

• Use condoms or dental dams consistently during sexual activity
• Limit sexual partners and choose partners who have been tested
• Get vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B
• Avoid sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia
• Talk openly and honestly about sexual health with partners

Regular testing is essential for early detection and is an important part of responsible sexual health. Some common testing methods include:

• Blood tests
• Urine tests
• Swabs of the genital, oral, or rectal area

It is recommended to get tested for STDs regularly, especially if you are sexually active or have engaged in high-risk behavior.

Remember, practicing safe sex, open communication, and getting tested regularly are the best ways to protect yourself and your partners from STDs. If you suspect that you may have an STD or have any concerns regarding your sexual health, it is crucial to seek medical advice from a healthcare professional or visit a clinic that specializes in STD testing and treatment.